Primarily danced in the United States and Canada, this style is also split into two disciplines. A major difference here is that dancers can break their hold and perform "open" patterns or solo movements.
Discipline
Dances
Comparison to International
Smooth
Waltz, Tango, Foxtrot, Viennese Waltz
Similar to Standard, but allows for solo spins and theatrical "show" movements. It omits the Quickstep.
Rhythm
Cha-Cha, Rumba, East Coast Swing, Bolero, Mambo
Similar to Latin, but focuses on "Cuban Motion" (hip action) with a slightly different technique and dance selection.
In the world of DanceSport, Pro-Am (short for Professional-Amateur) or T&S (teacher -Studend) ,is a competition format where an amateur student partners with a professional instructor. If you’ve ever seen Dancing with the Stars, that is essentially a high-profile version of Pro-Am or T&S. It is arguably the most popular way for adults to enter the competitive world because it removes the "partner hunt"—one of the biggest hurdles in ballroom dancing.
How It Works:
The Partnership: Your teacher is your partner. They handle the "navigation" on the floor, providing a strong "lead" (or "follow") that allows you to perform at a higher level than you might with another beginner.
Who is Judged: In most Pro-Am categories, only the amateur is judged. The professional is there to showcase the student's skills, much like a frame showcases a painting.
The Levels: Competitions are strictly categorized so you only compete against people at your same stage:
What are the different "Levels" (Proficiency)? Competitors are grouped by skill to ensure fair play:
Syllabus Levels: Newcomer, Bronze, Silver, and Gold.In these levels, you are restricted to a specific list of "legal" steps (the syllabus).
Both are in 4/4 time, but they start on different beats:
American: Starts on Beat 1. The timing is usually Slow-Quick-Quick (Counts 1-2, 3, 4). You take your first big step on the downbeat.
International: Starts on Beat 2. You "hold" beat 1 and take your first step on beat 2. The timing is 2, 3, 4-1 (Quick, Quick, Slow). This creates a characteristic "waiting" or "suspenseful" look.
This is where the athletic discipline comes in.
American (Cuban Motion): You step onto a bent knee and then straighten it to create hip movement. This gives it a "earthy," rhythmic, and slightly softer look.
International (Latin Motion): You step onto a straight leg. The knee must be locked straight the moment the foot takes weight. This creates very sharp, high-contrast lines and is generally considered more technically demanding.
American Rumba is significantly faster (approx. 120–144 BPM). Because it’s quicker, the movements are often smaller and more "chatter-like."
International Rumba is the slowest of all the competitive Latin dances (approx. 104–108 BPM). The slow speed is intentional—it forces the dancers to show off extreme balance, body extension, and "tension" between partners.